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4
Ubiquiti Networks, Inc.
Chapter 3:
AirOS™
AirRouter User Guide
Chapter 3:
AirOS
™
AirOS™ is an advanced operating system that is capable of
powerful wireless and routing features. AirOS is built upon
a simple and intuitive user interface. AirOS allows you to
maximize the wireless performance of Ubiquiti products
which are based on IEEE 802.11n.
To access the interface,
perform the following steps:
1. Launch your Web browser and type
in the address field and press enter (PC) or return (Mac).
2. The login screen will appear. Enter
ubnt
in the
Username
and
Password
fields and click
Login
.
Navigation
The interface contains six main tabs:
•
Main
The
Main
tab displays AirRouter status
information and provides network monitoring links.
•
Wireless
The
Wireless
tab allows you to configure
the wireless mode, the basic wireless settings and the
wireless security settings for the AirRouter.
•
Network
The
Network
tab covers the configuration of
the network operating mode, IP settings, packet filtering
routines and network services.
•
Advanced
The
Advanced
tab settings are available
for additional wireless interface controls. The AirMax
feature and advanced wireless settings can be
configured in this tab. The
Advanced
tab also includes
advanced Ethernet and traffic shaping settings.
•
Services
The
Services
tab covers the configuration of
system management services like SNMP, NTP, System
Log, Ping Watchdog and SSH/Telnet server.
•
System
The
System
tab contains controls for system
maintenance routines, administrator account
management, device customization, firmware upgrade
and configuration backup. The interface language can
also be selected here.
Each page also contains network administration and
monitoring tools:
•
Align Antenna
•
Site Survey
•
Ping
•
Traceroute
•
Speed Test
•
AirView
Main
The
Main
tab displays a summary of the link status
information, current values of the basic configuration
settings (depending on the operating mode), network
settings and information, and traffic statistics.
Status
Device Name
Displays the customizable name (ID) of the
AirRouter. The Device Name (Host Name) is displayed in
registration screens and discovery tools.
Network Mode
Displays the network mode that the
AirRouter is operating in. There are three modes available:
Bridge, Router, and SOHO router. SOHO router is the
default setting. This setting is configured on the
Network
tab.
Wireless Mode
Displays the radio interface operating
mode. Access Point (or Access Point WDS) and Station (or
Station WDS) operating modes can be set depending on
the network topology requirements.
Page 7 / 38
5
Ubiquiti Networks, Inc.
Chapter 3: AirOS™
AirRouter User Guide
SSID
Displays the wireless network name (SSID). The
wireless network name is dependent upon the wireless
mode selected:
•
While operating in Station mode, displays the SSID of
the Access Point the AirRouter is associated with.
•
While operating in Access Point mode, this displays
the SSID configured on the AirRouter. The SSID is
configured on the
Wireless
tab.
Security
Displays the wireless security method being
used on the AirRouter. If
None
is displayed, then wireless
security has been disabled.
Version
Displays the version of the AirOS software.
Uptime
This is the total time the AirRouter has been
running since last power up (reboot) or software upgrade.
The time is displayed in days, hours, minutes and seconds.
Date
Displays the current system date and time. The
date and time are displayed in YEAR-MONTH-DAY
HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS format. The system date and
time is retrieved from the Internet using NTP (Network
Time Protocol). NTP Client is enabled by default on the
Services
tab. The AirRouter doesn’t have an internal clock
and the date and time may be inaccurate if NTP Client is
disabled or the AirRouter isn’t connected to the Internet.
Channel/Frequency
Displays the channel number and
corresponding operating frequency. The AirRouter uses
the channel/radio frequency specified to transmit and
receive data. Valid channel/frequency range will vary
depending on local country regulations.
Channel Width
This is the spectral width of the radio
channel used by the AirRouter. 5, 10, 20 and 40 MHz
channel spectrum widths are supported. In Station (or
Station WDS) 20/40 MHz is the value by default.
ACK/Distance
Displays the current timeout value for ACK
frames. ACK Timeout can be set manually or self-adjusted
automatically. The ACK Timeout (Acknowledgement frame
Timeout) specifies how long the AirRouter should wait for
an acknowledgement from a partner device confirming
packet reception before concluding there must have been
an error and resending the packet.
TX/RX Chains
Displays the number of independent
spatial data streams the AirRouter is transmitting/
receiving simultaneously within one spectral channel
of bandwidth. This ability is specific for 802.11n devices
which rely on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
technology. Multiple chains increase data transfer
performance significantly. The number of chains Ubiquiti
device uses is hardware specific. Every TX/RX chain
requires a separate antenna.
WLAN MAC
Displays the MAC address of the AirRouter as
seen on the wireless network.
LAN MAC
Displays the MAC address of the AirRouter as
seen on the LAN (Local Area Network).
WAN MAC
Displays the MAC address of the AirRouter as
seen on the WAN interface. This is the AirRouter’s MAC
address that is seen over the Internet.
WAN/LAN
Indicates the current status of the WAN and
LAN Ethernet port connections. This can indicate that a
cable is not plugged into a device and there is no active
Ethernet connection.
AP MAC
Displays the MAC address of the AirRouter
in
Access Point
or
Access Point WDS
mode. In
Station
or
Stations WDS
mode, this displays the MAC address of the
Access Point the AirRouter is associated with.
Connections
Displays the number of wireless devices
connected to the AirRouter when the device is operating
in
Access Point
or
Access Point WDS
mode. This value is not
displayed while operating in
Station
or
Station WDS
mode.
Noise Floor
Displays the current value of the noise level
in dBm. Noise Floor is taken into account while evaluating
the signal quality (Signal-to-Noise Ratio SNR, RSSI).
Transmit CCQ
This is an index of which evaluates the
wireless Client Connection Quality. The level is based on
a percentage value where 100% corresponds to a perfect
link state.
TX Rate and RX Rate
Displays the current 802.11 data
transmission (TX) and data reception (RX) rate when
operating in
Station
or
Station WDS
mode.
Airmax
Indicates the AirMax status (Ubiquiti’s proprietary
TDMA polling technology) when operating in
Access
Point
or
Access Point WDS
mode. If AirMax is enabled, the
AirRouter will only accept AirMax clients. (Disable AirMax
for legacy 802.11bgn device compatibility). AirMax also
features advanced QoS Autodetection settings.
Airmax Quality
This displays the AirMax Connection
Quality. The level is based on a percentage value where
100% corresponds to a perfect link state.
Airmax Capacity
This is an index of maximum data
rate the link is operating at. A Lower Capacity number
indicates a unit that is bogging the system down.
Monitor
There are various monitoring tools accessible via the links
on the
Main
tab. The default selection is
Throughput
which
is displayed as soon as you open the
Main
tab.
Throughput
Shows a visual representation of the current data traffic
on the LAN and
WLAN in both graphical and numerical
form. The chart scale and throughput dimension (Bps,
Kbps, Mbps) changes dynamically according to the mean
throughput value. The statistics are updated automatically.
Throughput statistics can be updated manually using the
Refresh
button.
Page 8 / 38
6
Ubiquiti Networks, Inc.
Chapter 3: AirOS™
AirRouter User Guide
Stations
This selection lists the stations which are connected to the
AirRouter while operating in
Access Point
or
Access Point
WDS
mode.
The following statistics for each station are displayed in
the station statistics window:
Station MAC
MAC address of the associated station. This
is a clickable link that will display additional station info.
Device Name
Displays the client’s host name (if defined).
Signal/Noise, dBm
Signal value represents the last
received wireless signal level, and Noise displays the value
of the noise level.
Tx/Rx, Mbps
Tx value represents the data rates, in Mbps,
of the last transmitted packets, and Rx value represents
the data rates, in Mbps, of the last received packets;
CCQ, %
This is an index that evaluates the wireless Client
Connection Quality (CCQ). The level is a percentage value
where 100% corresponds to a perfect link state.
Connection Time
Displays the connection time of each
station connected to the AirRouter. The time is expressed
in days, hours, minutes and seconds.
Last IP
Displays the station’s IP address.
Action
Shows available options for this station, e.g.:
kicking a station for a few seconds to identify any
problematic stations.
Refresh
The information in the station statistics window
can be updated using the
Refresh
button.
Station Info
Detailed information is displayed when you click on a
specific MAC address:
Device Name
Displays the client’s host name.
Connection time
Displays the amount of time the
station has been connected to the AirRouter. The time is
expressed in days, hours, minutes and seconds;
Signal Strength
Value represents, in dBm, the last
received wireless signal level.
Noise Floor
Displays the current value of the noise level
in dBm. Noise Floor is taken into account while evaluating
the signal quality (Signal-to-Noise Ratio SNR, RSSI) while
value mean depends on signal strength above the noise
floor.
CCQ
Value represents the quality of the connection to the
Station.
Last IP
Displays the last station’s IP address.
TX/RX Rate
Represents the data rates, in Mbps, of the last
transmitted and received packets;
TX/RX Packets
Value represents the total amount of
packets transmitted and received from the Station during
the connection uptime.
TX/RX Packet Rate, pps
Represents the mean value of
the transmitted and received packet rate.
Bytes Transmitted
Value represents the total amount of
data (in bytes) transmitted during the connection.
Bytes Received
Value represents the total amount of data
(in bytes) received during the connection.
Negotiated Rate/Last Signal (dBm)
Table values
represent the received wireless signal level along with the
data rates of recently received packets. N/A is displayed if
no packets were received on that particular data rate.
Refresh
The information in the
Station Info
window can
be updated using this button.
AP Information
Available only when operating in
Station or Station WDS
mode.
•
Access Point
Shows the MAC address of the Access
Point the station is associated with.
•
Device Name
Displays the host name of the Access
Point the station is associated with.
•
Connection time
Value represents the running total of
time the AirRouter has been associated with the Access
Point. The time is expressed in days, hours, minutes and
seconds.
•
Signal Strength
Value represents the last received
wireless signal level.
Page 9 / 38
7
Ubiquiti Networks, Inc.
Chapter 3: AirOS™
AirRouter User Guide
•
Noise Floor
Displays the current value of the noise
level in dBm. Noise Floor is taken into account while
evaluating the signal quality (Signal-to-Noise Ratio SNR,
RSSI) while value mean depends on signal strength
above the noise floor.
•
CCQ
Value represents the quality of the connection to
the Access Point.
•
Tx/Rx Rate
Represents the data rates of the last
transmitted and received packets.
•
Tx/Rx Packets
Displays the total number of packets
transmitted and received during the connection.
•
Tx/Rx Packet Rate (packets per second)
Represents
the mean value of the transmitted and received packet
rate.
•
Bytes transmitted/received
Value represents the total
amount of data (in bytes) transmitted and received
during the connection.
•
Negotiated Rate/Last Signal (dBm) table
Values
represent the received wireless signal level along with
the all data rates of recently received packets. “N/A”
value is represented as the Last Signal if no packets were
received on that particular data rate.
To reconnect to the AP press the
Reconnect
button,
in order to reestablish the wireless link. The list can be
updated using the
Refresh
button.
DHCP Client
(Applicable for
Router
and
SOHO Router
in DHCP mode
only.) Shows the device’s WAN IP address, Netmask, DNS
servers and Gateway while operating in DHCP Router
mode.
IP Address
Displays the device’s WAN IP address while
operating in DHCP Client mode.
Netmask
Displays the device’s netmask when operating
in DHCP Client mode. It is assigned automatically by the
DHCP server (not the AirRouter’s DHCP server), which
assigns the WAN IP address to the device.
Gateway
Displays the device’s gateway when operating
in DHCP Client mode, which is assigned automatically by
the DHCP server (not the AirRouter’s DHCP server).
Primary/Secondary DNS IP
Domain Name System (DNS)
is an Internet “phone book” which translates domain
names to IP addresses. These fields identify the server IP
addresses that the AirRouter uses for translation.
DHCP Server
Displays the IP address of the DHCP Server
assigning the WAN IP Address to the AirRouter.
Domain
Displays the domain name.
Total Lease Time
Shows the total time (validity) of the
leased IP address assigned by the external DHCP server.
Remaining Lease Time
Displays the remaining time of
the IP address leased by the external DHCP server.
ARP table
Lists all the entries of the ARP (Address Resolution
Protocol) table currently recorded on the device.
ARP is used to associate each IP address to the unique
hardware address (MAC) of each device. It is important to
have unique IP addresses for each MAC or else there will
be ambiguous routes in the network.
IP Address
Displays the assigned IP address.
MAC Address
Displays the MAC address of the device.
Interface
Displays the interface that the device is on.
The list can be updated using the
Refresh
button.
Bridge Table
Displays the entries in the system bridge table when the
device is operating in
Bridge
mode.
The list can be updated using the
Refresh
button.
The Bridge table shows which bridge port the particular
station is associated with - in other words from which
interface (Ethernet or wireless ) the network device
(defined by MAC address) is reachable from. The AirRouter
will forward the packets to that port only (thus saving a lot
of redundant copies and transmits).
The aging timer shows the aging time for each address
entry (in seconds) - after particular time out, not having
seen a packet coming from a certain address, the bridge
will delete that address from the Bridge Table.
Routes
Lists all the entries in the system routing table, while the
device is operating in
Router
mode.
The list can be updated using the
Refresh
button.
AirOS examines the destination IP address of each data
packet traveling through the system and chooses the
appropriate interface to forward the packet to. The system
choice depends on static routing rules – entries, which
are registered in the system routing table. Static routes
to specific hosts, networks or default gateway are set up
automatically according to the IP configuration of all the
AirOS interfaces.
Page 10 / 38
8
Ubiquiti Networks, Inc.
Chapter 3: AirOS™
AirRouter User Guide
Port Forward
Lists active port forward entries in the PORTFORWARD
chain of the standard iptables nat table, while the device is
operating in
Router
mode.
The list can be refreshed using the
Refresh
button. Port
forwarding is enabled and configured on the
Network
tab.
Port forwarding allows you to connect to a specific service
such as an FTP server or Web server. Port Forwarding
creates a transparent tunnel through a firewall/NAT,
granting access from the WAN side to the particular
network service running on the LAN side.
DHCP leases
Shows the current status of the leased IP addresses by
the device’s DHCP server. This option is available if DHCP
Server is enabled while the device is operating in
Router
mode.
MAC Address
Displays the client’s MAC address, which is
connected to the Access Point.
IP Address
Displays the client’s IP address leased by the
device’s DHCP server.
Remaining Lease Time
Shows for how long the leased
IP address will be valid and reserved for particular DHCP
client.
Hostname
Displays the device name (hostname) of the
client receiving an IP lease.
Interface Name
Displays the interface to which the
specific MAC address is connected.
The list can be updated using the
Refresh
button.
More information is provided in the Wireless section.
Log
When logging is enabled (Services > System Log > Enable
Log) this option lists all registered system events. By
default, logging isn’t enabled.
Clear
Deletes all entries in the system log.
Refresh
The System Log content is updated.
Wireless
The Wireless Page contains everything needed by the
operator to setup the wireless part of the link. This
includes regulatory requirements, SSID, channel and
frequency settings, device mode, data rates, and wireless
security.
Basic Wireless Settings
The general wireless settings, such as wireless mode,
wireless network name(SSID), country code, 802.11 mode,
output power and data rates can be configured in this
section.
Wireless Mode
Allows you to specify the operating
mode of the device. The mode depends on the network
topology requirements. There are 4 operating modes
supported on the AirRouter:

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