3Com 3CRWDR300A-73 Router Manual PDF (Setup & Configuration Guide)

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ROUBLESHOOTING

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A

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DDRESSING

The Internet

Protocol Suite

The Internet Protocol suite consists of a well-defined set of

communications protocols and several standard application protocols.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is probably the

most widely known and is a combination of two of the protocols (IP and

TCP) working together. TCP/IP is an internationally adopted and

supported networking standard that provides connectivity between

equipment from many vendors over a wide variety of networking

technologies.

Managing the

Router over the

Network

To manage a device over the network, the Router must be correctly

configured with the following IP information:

■

An IP address

■

A subnet mask

IP Addresses and

Subnet Masks

Each device on your network must have a unique IP address to operate

correctly. An IP address identifies the address of the device to which data

is being sent and the address of the destination network. IP addresses

have the format n.n.n.x where n is a decimal number between 0 and 255

and x is a number between 1 and 254 inclusive.

However, an IP address alone is not enough to make your device operate.

In addition to the IP address, you need to set a subnet mask. All networks

are divided into smaller sub-networks and a subnet mask is a number

that enables a device to identify the sub-network to which it is

connected.

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For your network to work correctly, all devices on the network must have:

■

The same sub-network address.

■

The same subnet mask.

The only value that will be different is the specific host device number.

This value must always be unique.

An example IP address is ‘192.168.100.8’. However, the size of the

network determines the structure of this IP address. In using the Router,

you will probably only encounter two types of IP address and subnet

mask structures.

Type One

In a small network, the IP address of ‘192.168.100.8’ is split into two

parts:

■

Part one (‘192.168.100’) identifies the network on which the device

resides.

■

Part two (‘.8’) identifies the device within the network.

This type of IP address operates on a subnet mask of ‘255.255.255.0’.

See

Table 3

for an example about how a network with three computers

and a Router might be configured.

Table 3

IP Addressing and Subnet Masking

Type Two

In larger networks, where there are more devices, the IP address of

‘192.168.100.8’ is, again, split into two parts but is structured differently:

■

Part one (‘192.168’) identifies the network on which the device

resides.

■

Part two (‘.100.8’) identifies the device within the network.

Device

IP Address

Subnet Mask

PC 1

192.168.100.8

255.255.255.0

PC 2

192.168.100.33

255.255.255.0

PC 3

192.168.100.188

255.255.255.0

Router

192.168.100.72

255.255.255.0

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How does a Device Obtain an IP Address and Subnet Mask?

147

This type of IP Address operates on a subnet mask of ‘255.255.0.0’.

See

Table 4

for an example about how a network (only four computers

represented) and a Router might be configured.

Table 4

IP Addressing and Subnet Masking

How does a Device

Obtain an IP

Address and Subnet

Mask?

There are three different ways to obtain an IP address and the subnet

mask. These are:

■

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Addressing

■

Static Addressing

■

Automatic Addressing (Auto-IP Addressing)

DHCP Addressing

The Router contains a DHCP server, which allows computers on your

network to obtain an IP address and subnet mask automatically. DHCP

assigns a temporary IP address and subnet mask which gets reallocated

once you disconnect from the network.

DHCP will work on any client Operating System such as Windows 98,

Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Vista.

Also, using DHCP means that the same IP address and subnet mask will

never be duplicated for devices on the network. DHCP is particularly

useful for networks with large numbers of users on them.

Static Addressing

You must enter an IP Address and the subnet mask manually on every

device. Using a static IP and subnet mask means the address is

permanently fixed.

Device

IP Address

Subnet Mask

PC 1

192.168.100.8

255.255.0.0

PC 2

192.168.201.30

255.255.0.0

PC 3

192.168.113.155

255.255.0.0

PC 4

192.168.002.230

255.255.0.0

Router

192.168.002.72

255.255.0.0

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Auto-IP Addressing

Network devices use automatic IP addressing if they are configured to

acquire an address using DHCP but are unable to contact a DHCP server.

Automatic IP addressing is a scheme where devices allocate themselves

an IP address at random from the industry standard subnet of

169.254.x.x (with a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0). If two devices allocate

themselves the same address, the conflict is detected and one of the

devices allocates itself a new address.

Automatic IP addressing support was introduced by Microsoft in the

Windows 98 operating system and is also supported in Windows 2000

and Windows XP.

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