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Page 31 / 48 Scroll up to view Page 26 - 30
²1
Destination Address:
The address portion
of a packet that identifies the intended
recipient station.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol):
Based on BOOTP, it uses a pool
of IP addresses, which it assigns to each
device connected to it, and retrieves the
address when the device becomes dormant
for a period of time.
DNS (Domain Name System):
System
used to map readable machine names into
IP addresses.
Driver:
Software that interfaces a
computer with a specific hardware device.
Dynamic IP Address:
An IP address that
is automatically assigned to a client station
in a TCP/IP network, typically by a DHCP
server.
Ethernet:
The most widely used
architecture for Local Area Networks
(LANs). It is a shared-media network
architecture. The IEEE 802.3 standard
details its functionality.
Ethernet cable:
A wire similar to telephone
cable that carries signals between Ethernet
devices. It is designed to connect a single
device’s NIC to a router, switch, or hub.
See also
Crossover cable
.
File and Print Sharing:
A Microsoft
application that allows computers on a
network to share files and printers.
Firmware:
Computer programming
instructions that are stored in a read-
only memory unit rather than being
implemented through software.
Frame:
A fixed block of data, transmitted
as a single entity. Also referred to as a
packet.
Glossary
Page 32 / 48
²±
Full-Duplex:
To transmit on the same
channel in both directions simultaneously.
Half-duplex:
To transmit on the same
channel in both directions, one direction at
a time.
Hub:
A device which allows connection
of computers and other devices to form a
LAN.
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers):
The professional
organization which promotes development
of electronics technology.
IP (Internet Protocol) Address:
A unique
32-binary-digit number that identifies each
sender or receiver of information sent in
packets.
Infrastructure:
A wireless network or
other small network in which the wireless
network devices are made a part of the
network through the Access Point.
ISP (Internet Service Provider):
A
company that provides access to the
Internet and other related services.
IV (Initialization Vector):
The header
section of an encrypted message packet.
LAN (Local Area Network):
A group
of computers and peripheral devices
connected to share resources.
LED (Light Emitting Diode):
The lights
on a hardware device representing the
activity through the ports.
MAC (Medium Access Control) Address:
The unique number that distinguishes
every network interface card.
Mbps (Mega Bits Per Second):
A
measurement of millions of bits per
second.
MDI/X (Media Dependent Interface/
Cross-over):
Port on a network hub or
switch that crosses the incoming transmit
lines with the outgoing receive lines.
Glossary
Page 33 / 48
²²
PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card
International Association) Card:
Removable
module that adds features to a portable
computer.
Peer-to-peer:
This simple network is formed by
connecting computers directly, without use of
routers or hubs. A
crossover cable
is plugged
into an Ethernet port in each computer,
connecting them directly.
Ping (Packet Internet Groper):
An Internet
utility used to determine whether a particular
IP address is accessible.
Plug and Play:
Hardware that, once physically
installed, finishes its installation automatically
and may immediately be used, as opposed
to hardware that requires further manual
configuration.
PoE (Power over Ethernet):
A mechanism
to send DC power to a device using a CAT5
Ethernet cable.
MHz (MegaHertz):
One million cycles per
second.
NAT (Network Address Translation):
An
internet standard that enables a LAN to
use one set of IP addresses for internal
traffic and a second set for external traffic.
NIC (Network Interface Card):
An
expansion card connected to a computer
so the computer can be connected to a
network.
Packet:
A block of data that is transferred
as a single unit, also called a frame or a
block.
Packet Filtering:
Discarding unwanted
network traffic based on its originating
address or its type.
PCI (Peripheral Component
Interconnect):
A bus that is connected
directly to the CPU.
Glossary
Page 34 / 48
²³
PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over
Ethernet):
A specification for connecting
users on an Ethernet line to the Internet
through a common broadband medium.
Protocol:
A standard way of exchanging
information between computers.
RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial
In User Service):
A server that issues
authentication keys to clients.
RAM (Random Access Memory):
Non-
permanent memory.
Repeater Hub:
A device that collects,
strengthens and transmits information to
all connected devices, allowing the network
to be extended to accommodate additional
workstations.
See also
Bridge
.
RC4:
The encryption algorithm used by
WEP.
RJ-45 connector:
An 8-pin connector
used between a twisted pair cable and a
data transmission device.
ROM (Read Only Memory):
Memory
hardware that allows fast access to
permanently stored data but prevents
addition to or modification of the data.
Router:
A device in a network that
handles message transfer between
computers. Similar to a
hub
, but with
added functionality and efficiency.
Roaming:
The ability to use a wireless
device while moving from one access point
to another without losing the connection.
Server:
Any computer that makes files or
peripheral devices available to users of the
network and has a resident Network OS.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol):
The protocol used to define and deliver
electronic mail (E-mail) from one location
to another.
Glossary
Page 35 / 48
²´
SNMP (Simple Network Management
Protocol:
An application layer protocol
that outlines the formal structure for
communication among network devices.
Static IP Address:
A permanent IP
address is assigned to a node in a TCP/IP
network. Also known as global IP.
SSID:
The “name” of your wireless
network. You can get it from the Setup
page of the configuration utility.
STP (Shielded Twisted Pair):
Twisted Pair
cable wrapped in a metal sheath to provide
extra protection from external interfering
signals.
Subnet Mask:
An eight-byte address
divided into 4 parts separated by periods.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/
Internet Protocol:
Protocol used by
computers when communicating across
the Internet or Intranet.
TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol):
An encryption method replacing WEP.
TKIP uses random IV and frequent key
exchanges.
Topology:
The shape of a LAN (Local Area
Network) or other communications system.
Twisted Pair:
Cable that comprises 2
or more pair of insulated wires twisted
together.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol):
A
communication method (protocol)
that offers a limited amount of service
when messages are exchanged between
computers in a network. UDP is used as
an alternative to TCP/IP.
Uplink:
Link to the next level up in a
communication hierarchy.
UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) cable:
Two or more unshielded wires twisted
together to form a cable.
Glossary

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